Interpretation Program Research Articles

π-Light: Programmatic Interpretable Reinforcement Learning for Resource-Limited Traffic Signal Control

The recent advancements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have significantly enhanced the performance of adaptive Traffic Signal Control (TSC). However, DRL policies are typically represented by neural networks, which are over-parameterized black-box models. As a result, the learned policies often lack interpretability, and cannot be deployed directly in the real-world edge hardware due to resource constraints. In addition, the DRL methods often exhibit limited generalization performance, struggling to generalize the learned policy to other geographical regions. These factors limit the practical application of learning-based approaches. To address these issues, we suggest the use of an inherently interpretable program for representing the control policy. We present a new approach, Programmatic Interpretable reinforcement learning for traffic signal control (π-light), designed to autonomously discover non-differentiable programs. Specifically, we define a Domain Specific Language (DSL) and transformation rules for constructing programs, and utilize Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to find the optimal program in a discrete space. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms baseline approaches. Moreover, π-Light exhibits superior generalization capabilities compared to DRL, enabling training and evaluation across intersections from different cities. Finally, we analyze how the learned program policies can directly deploy on edge devices with extremely limited resources.

The Role of Gamified Environmental Interpretation in Boosting Destination Perceived Value

This study examines the effectiveness of a strategy designed to enhance destination perceived value (PV) by raising tourists’ awareness and understanding of sustainability. The approach uses information and communications technologies—specifically, gamification—to design an environmental interpretation (EI) program for tourists. While the literature has tended to approach gamification from a systemicperspective, this study addresses a significant gap by adding the experientialdimension. The research (a) designs an EI program based on a holistic gamified approach that takes game objectives, features, the context of the application, and the participant experience into consideration; (b) measures the tourist’s perspective on the design to test whether it successfully generated a motivating and enjoyable (gameful) experience that could positively impact their behaviours; and (c) determines whether a gameful EI experience positively influences destination PV. The results show that the proposed strategy contributes to enhancing destination PV. The gamification of EI experiences is thus found to be a valid strategy for enhancing destination sustainability, tourist behaviours, and, ultimately, destination competitiveness

The Teaching Codes and Classroom Design of the Course of "Introduction to Translation" of MTI

The Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) program was launched in mainland in 2007 with the aim of nurturing high-level and qualified translation profess-ionals. The course of "Introduction to Translation", a crucial foundational course of the MTI program, plays a vital role in developing students' professional competencies. However, the MTI's "Introduction to Translation" course may face several challenges in teaching. This article explores principles and course designs to address these challenges based on the author's extensive teaching experience. Strategies include defining course objectives and positioning, emphasizing a student-centered approach, strengthening process assessment, and enhancing the understanding of theoretical teaching.

Effects of COVID-19 on Visitor Intentions to Attend Personal Interpretation Programs in the Provincial Parks of Alberta, Canada

Research has examined COVID-19’s impacts on parks, but little research has studied the pandemic’s impact on in-person interpretation. Based on responses from 431 visitors to Alberta’s provincial parks before and during the pandemic, this paper investigates how the pandemic affected visitor intentions to attend personal interpretation programs. Intentions to attend programs decreased after the pandemic started, but were greater for respondents who had attended programs the previous season. Key reasons for not attending programs were not to become infected and not to infect others. Intentions to attend programs were greater for males than females, and greater for respondents with an increased education and a larger household income. Despite pandemic concerns, 53% of respondents said that programs should be offered, with highest support for amphitheater shows, followed by guided hikes, point duties, and family events. Park managers should clearly communicate the benefits and safety measures employed for interpretation programs.

The Impact of a Vision Intervention on Translation and Interpretation Students’ L2 Motivation

Visionary teaching interventions have had a positive impact on developing and strengthening students’ ideal L2 self and motivated behavior. However, research on the effects of this kind of intervention on the motivation of translation and interpretation students is scarce. Using a mixed methods approach, the study aimed to evaluate the impact of a semester-long intervention, focused on translation and interpretation students’ future professional careers, on their motivation, intended effort, and willingness to communicate. The participants were translation and interpretation students with a B1 level of English, who were divided in two groups for the study. The treatment group received a vision intervention (N=14) whereas the control group (N=14) did not. To measure the differences in motivation before and after the intervention, a questionnaire was used. Additionally, a semi-structured interview was used to explore in greater depth the students’ perceptions of the experience. The results of this study reveal that visionary teaching increased both ideal L2 self and intended effort of students. Furthermore, it showed that the intervention was memorable for students and that it benefited them in establishing a future L2 professional vision as well as outlining the steps to achieve it. Our findings suggest the importance of including visionary teaching in translation and interpretation programs so that students can become motivated and involved in their future professional paths.

Supervised discovery of interpretable gene programs from single-cell data.

Factor analysis decomposes single-cell gene expression data into a minimal set of gene programs that correspond to processes executed by cells in a sample. However, matrix factorization methods are prone to technical artifacts and poor factor interpretability. We address these concerns with Spectra, an algorithm that combines user-provided gene programs with the detection of novel programs that together best explain expression covariation. Spectra incorporates existing gene sets and cell-type labels as prior biological information, explicitly models cell type and represents input gene sets as a gene-gene knowledge graph using a penalty function to guide factorization toward the input graph. We show that Spectra outperforms existing approaches in challenging tumor immune contexts, as it finds factors that change under immune checkpoint therapy, disentangles the highly correlated features of CD8+ T cell tumor reactivity and exhaustion, finds a program that explains continuous macrophage state changes under therapy and identifies cell-type-specific immune metabolic programs.

The Application and Research of Translation Studios in the Development of MTI at Polytechnic University

As exchanges with the global community continue to increase, the translation field presents significant challenges that capture the attention of researchers. The new era demands a reform in the traditional approach to cultivating translation talents. Particularly, the form and quality of practical teaching need improvement to adapt to the changing demands of the market. University translation studios can to some extent compensate for the shortcomings of traditional classroom teaching and workshop-style practical training at Polytechnic University. Taking the author's own university as an example, this paper explores the significance, feasibility, and operational model of the university translation studio. The paper concludes that the purpose of the university translation studio is to enhance students' translation skills, application of translation techniques, project management, professional demeanor, task handling, and teamwork capabilities. This kind of studio elevates the ability of both faculty and students to serve the local community and society, thereby making a positive contribution to the comprehensive development of the North China Electric Power University's Master of Translation and Interpreting program.

Lessons for becoming bison wise and bear aware in Elk Island National Park

ABSTRACT Biospheres are working landscapes that promote conservation and sustainable land-use while also providing space for outdoor recreation, environmental education, and research. This study focuses on Elk Island National Park in Alberta, Canada, which is part of the Beaver Hills Biosphere. The park is home to bison and black bears and growing visitor numbers have increased the potential for human-wildlife conflict. With a focus on the promotion of human-wildlife coexistence, this study takes a mixed-methods approach to develop and evaluate an environmental education program targeted to improve visitor awareness about safety around bison and bears at Elk Island National Park. The program was found to be effective in teaching visitors about safe behaviors around wildlife and key themes arose about important learning outcomes. In particular, the findings indicate interpretation and environmental education programs have the potential to increase awareness about safety for both humans and wildlife and shift away from more human-centric perceptions.

THE USE OF PARALLEL CORPORA IN TEACHING LANGUAGES AND TRANSLATION PRACTICE

Nowadays the methodology of teaching foreign languages and translation practice involves using and development of modern computer applications called parallel corpora of texts of various genres. Such developments haven‘t been developed in Kazakhstan yet, though parallel texts or so-called bitexts were used for comparative analysis in applied linguistics long before.In teaching translation practice, parallel corpora can be applied for getting referential information, for getting samples of translation made by professionals. They can be used for studying the techniques and methods of translation. In teaching a foreign language, parallel corpora can be applied to choose the most appropriate equivalents of the studied vocabulary, trace its meaning in authentic contexts.The paper considers a number of methodological techniques when using corpora, methods for their construction, types of corpora, as well as the use of special programs for parallel texts. Currently, machine translation itself is based on parallel texts. In the future, a parallel corpus with fully aligned and marked translation units will bring translation studies in the Kazakh language to a new level. Such a corpus can act as a translation memory for the creation of professional machine translation applications, including a simultaneous interpreter program for a conference, an application for translating the spoken text into written text in another language.

Embracing transdisciplinarity to prepare for the future: revisiting the gap between the labour market and translator education

ABSTRACT There has long been a disconnect between the labour market for translators and translator education. Most research on this disconnect focuses on either industry or education in isolation, leaving the problem unsolved. To address this gap, this study examines both industrial and educational perspectives on transdisciplinarity in translators’ domain competence through an epistemological lens. Three types of data are collected: translation-related job ads, curriculum plans of Master of Translation and Interpretation (MTI) programmes, and semi-structured interviews with teachers-cum-translators. The findings, derived from data mining and textometric analyses of targeted job ads together with content analyses of both curriculum plans and interviews, show a shared epistemological understanding in industry and education of new forms of knowledge pertaining to domain-specific translation tasks. Alongside this shared understanding, we highlight misalignment between market needs for and training on knowledge about cross-boundary collaborations, and we explore the transdisciplinary domain competence required to cope with a complex-market reality using a common language shared with stakeholders. The implications for a transdisciplinary approach to translator education are also discussed.

HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION AND DIGITAL PRESERVATION: THE USE OF CLOUD-BASED SERVICES FOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION (THE CASE OF ST. ALBERT RIVER LOTS)

Abstract. Climate change has become, among countless pressures, a dominant threat to heritage places. It is critical to identify, analyse, assess, and mitigate immediate risks, and manage unforeseeable, unavoidable, and adverse impacts of climate on heritage values. There is an urgency in the heritage field to identify practical, efficient, and repeatable ways to document and monitor the condition of diverse heritage resources and develop climate adaptation strategies. Digital technologies, cloud computing, and digital preservation of heritage places can play a vital role in support of condition assessment, conservation planning, and sustainable management of heritage resources. This paper discusses a pilot project that experiments with the application of this idea on a selected case study, St. Albert River Lots in Alberta, Canada, and examines the challenges and opportunities of employing Amazon Web Services (AWS) and other Cloud-based applications. The project aimed to prepare a 3D model, as a foundation for recording current conditions and a tool for monitoring the impacts of climate change on heritage aspects and values in order to assist with the preparation of a detailed conservation management plan for the place in a digital format and contribute to the interpretive programming activities and raising public awareness.

Implementation Of The Inter Tk Package, Sub-Process And Os In The Network Management Application Development With Python Programming Language

The development of technology is currently running very rapidly, especially in the field of computer networks that make it possible to connect all people from various places. The need for information triggers the rapid development of network infrastructure technology by several vendors or brands. The need for network infrastructure is of course inseparable from the large number of users who use the internet service, causing new problems because the number of users is not proportional to the number of technicians available. For general users, they can wait for the handling schedule from the technician, while for agencies that need a network to complete their work, they don't have that time. To overcome this, you can use a special program to check the network regularly where everyone can use it so that it can reduce free customer service at network providers. One programming language that can be used open source for the development of these applications is python. Python is a multipurpose interpretive programming language with a design philosophy that focuses on code readability. Python programming is still rarely used because it still uses the terminal as the main access where the user has to type certain code to execute the desired result, such as the Command Prompt Windows (CMD) program. The use of python-based applications can be made more comfortable for users by using a GUI (Graphical user interface) display using the TKInter library, which is a standard Python package for creating GUI displays. Tkinter has an interface to the Tk toolkit that can work as an object-oriented layer on top of Tk. Tkinter has many components that can be used to create user-friendly interfaces. Apart from Tkinter, the application uses a subprocess and os library which functions to access the terminal and execute certain comments in the terminal. The built application has functions for pinging, nslookup, ipconfig, network info, active connection and network processes. Ping and Nslookup require data to be entered in text input on the same line, for ping you can input the IP address of the intended network or website address (requires internet connection) while nslookup can be filled in with the website address.

An interpretable neural network TV program recommendation based on SHAP

An interpretable neural network TV program recommendation based on SHAP

Pengembangan Desa Benteng Sebagai Desa Wisata Berbasis Agro di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This community service was carried out as an effort to revive the tourism sector by developing an agro-based tourism village in Benteng Village by identifying the perceptions of tourism village managers, constraints and impacts, and program sustainability. This activity seeks to construct perceptions of agro-tourism activities, media promotion, and the development of agro-based tourism. The readiness of managers to become part of the identified consists of long-time readiness to receive visitors, service ethics to visitors, aspects of security, comfort, and cleanliness as well as readiness for agro-tourism activities. Data collection was carried out through literature, participatory studies, interviews, and distributing questionnaires with a purposive sampling technique to 18 respondents managing the Benteng tourism village. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. Based on the assessment of the Benteng Village manager, harvesting activities, enjoying the landscape, photography, interpretation programs, and shopping for agricultural products are agro-based tourism activities that can be carried out in Benteng Village. Promotional videos are the highest choice for promoting village potential and managers say they are ready to receive visitors 1‒3 hours and a week. The manager also stated that he was ready regarding the ethics of service to visitors, security, comfort, and cleanliness including implementing health protocols (prokes) and being ready to develop agro-tourism activities. Implementation constraints are technical in nature and post-pandemic conditions that require adjustments in various aspects. Development of tourism potential through an integrated approach by collaborating involving various parties including universities as well as massive promotion using the right media so that agro-based tourism activities in Benteng Village can be sustainable.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park and its Missing Black Visitors: A Preliminary Analysis on the Hidden Architecture of Landscape

The framing of national parks as "America's best idea" has undergone a multi-disciplinary critique for its failure to address the scarcity of racial minority visitors, particularly Black Americans. Slavery, segregation, and ongoing racial politics demand a process of unlearning and undoing by centering Black voices. This research seeks to re-examine Black Americans' motivations for and deterrents against visiting national parks using Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) as a preliminary case study. A review of archival documents (e.g., park history and promotional materials), interpretation programs, exhibits, and the racial composition of surrounding communities and park employees was conducted to identify gaps in Black Americans' representation within the core messages created and promoted by GSMNP. The results suggest that Black Americans are rarely seen in archival documents, and marginally represented in publicly accessible literature and exhibits. This legacy may send a message to Black Americans that the park is a "White" space, where their ancestors were treated as second-class citizens or excluded entirely. Under the shadow of Jim Crow laws, segregation, racism, and discrimination, this space may have been associated with danger or considered unsafe and unwelcoming. Our findings contribute to the broader understanding of how landscapes and institutions are racialized, and how the power of narrative can be used to dismantle racialization.

Representing legislative Rules as Code: Reducing the problems of ‘scaling up’

We propose an approach to analysing the nature of existing legal rules, particularly legislative rules, that regards legislation as fundamentally a set of related propositions. We propose a method for representing these rules, using a coding language developed for the project that uses a quasi-natural language representation. It enables the interpreter program for that coding language to process these rules so as to produce ‘consultations’ to determine the values of goals which the legislation is capable of determining, with dialogues and explanations generated ‘on the fly’.Progress that has been made in automating this coding process to create rules in that coding language directly from existing legislation, using a pre-processor program developed for the project. This can also be described as ‘scaling up’ the production of ‘Rules as Code’ or ‘Law as Code’. If successfully developed further this has potential to make a significant contribution toward realising the practical potential of Rules as Code.We conclude there is now evidence that these processes can be generalised (‘scaled up’) to deal with the conversion or production of large bodies of legislation, and that this has considerable value. The pre-processor software is evolving rapidly, in the variety of structural forms of legislation that it can convert into the coding language, and this work will continue.Based on this experience, we also demonstrate how the drafting of legislation could be changed so that appropriately drafted legislation is directly readable and understandable by humans and also directly usable by machines. To be effective, laws drafted in this way will need to be simultaneously authoritative legislative rules and code.

How Do Outdoor Recreationists Perceive the State of the Environment and Do Interpretive Programs Make a Difference?

Environmental interpretation provides visitors with positive experiences in nature while managing their impacts. Existing research has concentrated on the influence of interpretive programs on visitor knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Little empirical research exists on how visitors perceive their environment. In this research we examine the effect of environmental interpretation on visitors’ perceptions of the environment. The study took place in the Niagara Glen Nature Reserve, Canada. A survey is administered to visitors on self-guided experiences and visitors receiving two different interpretive programs. Perceptions are compared to ecological data. Visitors rated conditions higher than ecological data, regardless of participation in an interpretive program. There was no significant influence of an interpretive program on perceptions. Findings from this pilot study highlight the need for interpretive programs to examine their effectiveness of achieving its outcomes as well as the benefits of using a reference such as ecological data.

Are We Creatures of Logic or Emotions? Investigating the Role of Attitudes, Worldviews, Emotions, and Knowledge Gain From Environmental Interpretation on Behavioural Intentions of Park Visitors

Environmental interpretation can improve sustainability by mitigating the negative impacts of nature-based recreation. However, we do not fully understand the psychological factors that influence interpretation’s efficacy in changing human behaviours. Specifically, the role of emotions has been understudied within environmental psychology and nature-based recreation. This study, therefore, provides further insight into the psychological processes driving pro-environmental behavioural intentions among overnight visitors attending personal interpretation programs in provincial parks in Alberta, Canada. In 2018 and 2019, we surveyed 763 attendees of personal interpretation events. We used latent variable structural regression modeling to test the hypothesized relationships between ecological worldview, attitudes, emotions, and pro-environmental behaviours. As predicted, there were positive relationships between worldviews, affective and cognitive attitudes, and emotions; these variables and knowledge gain were positively associated with pro-environmental behaviours. Findings suggest that interpretation should focus programming on the affective elements of communication, target personal meaning such as responsibility to act, and continue to transmit knowledge.

Direction for interpretive programming from Alberta Provincial Park management plans

Park management plans provide strategic direction for the future management of specific parks. These plans set goals and strategies for many park management concerns, including ecological integrity, visitor services, facilities, boundaries, and resource allocation. Understanding interpretive goals, topics, and strategies will help a park or park system develop a coherent approach to interpretive planning, delivery, and evaluation. This study determined how interpretation was prioritized in Alberta provincial parks’ management plans. We analyzed 32 management plans based on length (average of 80 pages), age (average of 14 years), goals, topics, and strategies. Overall, 84% of the plans addressed interpretation, devoting an average of 3% of their length to interpretation. The most targeted interpretive goals were “learning,” “increasing positive attitudes,” “behavior change,” and “enjoyment.” The most frequent interpretive topics were “heritage,” “culture,” “conservation,” and “flora or fauna.” The most common interpretive strategies were “signs,” “general personal interpretation,” and “guided hikes.” Even though interpretation received a low emphasis, newer plans provided more emphasis, expanding on conceptualizing and evaluating interpretation compared with older plans. By summarizing the priorities of management plans for interpretation, this study may help park staff set interpretive goals, evaluate progress, and promote consistency between the goals of park staff and outcomes for visitors. In turn, this information may help park planners and practitioners to better align interpretive goals, strategies, and outcomes.

Research on the School-Enterprise Collaborative Education of MTI of Medical Colleges

The refinement of the Master of Translation and Interpreting program within medical colleges and universities can significantly bolster intellectual support for collaboration and exchange in the medical field. This article elucidates the prevalent challenges in the existing translation master’s program in medical institutions, including the lack of distinctive teaching materials, a monotonous instructional approach, and the delayed adaptation to emerging translation technologies. It further recommends the development of specialized in-house materials tailored to the medical field, the adoption of innovative teaching methodologies, and the adept integration of translation technology through a synergistic school-enterprise collaboration model, aimed at enhancing the training quality for translation master’s candidates within a corporate-academic collaborative framework.